These books give much concern to the images of monks who lust after money and sexual passion.

The phenomenon of HAN Yu s opposition of Buddhism and associating with monks is a reduction of his age,which indicated that the impingement of Buddhism in both religious and philosophical spheres and the Chinese civilization s resistant and nationalization.

This article takes the historical novels of Shi Zhecun as the point of departure, and makes comprehensive surveys of the depictions of women and monks both in Chinese and foreign works.

Sengyou s Chu San zang ji ji(Compilation of Notes on the Translation of the Tripitaka) describes more than 20 titles of Buddhist editions,verifies origins of ancient editions,finds rare editions with the same titles,and points out some books with dubious authenticity.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the number of temples and monks is restricted, while during that of Emperor Yongzheng, the system loses it power due to the negligence of management.

Exempting from poll taxation was a kind of tax policy that prevailed only in middle period of Southern Song Dynasty,and levied tax on Buddhist monks and Taoist priests.