the Study of the Diplomacy of the Later Qing Dynasty to Small and Weak Nations in Euro-America(2)——the study of the Diplomacy of Manchu Dynasty to Small and Weak Nations in Euro-America after the Second Opium War and before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895;

The study on later Qing Dynasty diplomatic events with big powers in Euro-America has gone deeply enough, and it is all sided; while the study on its policies to small and weak nations in Euro-America has scarcely been made and it is far from enough, systematical.

The first section introduces what Scott contributed to European novels and the fact that few researchers are interested in Scott in China.

Based on the most update research findings in the 1990s as reported by the researchers in the European and American countries, this articleanalyses the internal relationship between the welfare state system and the housing system in the European and American countries.

Disciplinary System against Faith Breaking in Europe and America and Its Enlightenment;

Latest developments in criminal intellectual property law of the US and EU countries and their implications for Chinese legislation:a survey centered on penal structure