1)  Reciting bitterly
“苦吟”
2)  industrious versification
苦吟
1.
Through the discussion of the monk poets in the industrious versification pattern in the middle and late Tang Dynasty,the author points out that under the prevalence of industrious versification at that time,the monk poets could catch up in the vogue,accelerate industrious versification and make it into the needs of life,the crea- tive actions of them displays their zeal for poetic creation.
通过对中晚唐苦吟格局中的诗僧的探讨,指出在当时诗坛苦吟之风日盛的情况下,诗僧能融入时流,促进苦吟之风,将苦吟变成一种生命的需要,其创作行为本身就体现出诗僧诗歌创作的热力。
2.
Those monk poets carried on the tradition of "industrious versification"of Jia Dao and others,and made further development of it.
晚唐时期,一大批方外僧侣进行了大量的诗歌创作,这些诗僧继承贾岛等人的“苦吟”传统,并使之进一步发展,取得了较高的创作成就。
3)  The implied meaning of hardship-chanting
苦吟内蕴
4)  ornate poetizing style
苦吟诗风
1.
The ornate poetizing style, originating from Mengjiao and Jiadao in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and developing during the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, was neglected in the Ming Dynasty.
苦吟诗风源于中晚唐的孟郊、贾岛,历唐末五代、两宋,至明季而至于湮没;诗人们穷搜苦求,着意雕琢,形成幽僻孤峭、凄怆寒苦的艺术风格;然较之同时代诗歌创作的主流,其成就要逊色得多。
5)  suffering poet
苦吟诗人
6)  common phenomena of laborious versifying
普遍苦吟现象
补充资料:苦吟

年代:唐

作者:卢延让

作品:苦吟

内容:

莫话诗中事,诗中难更无。

吟安一个字,拈断数茎须。

险觅天应闷,狂搜海亦枯。

不同文赋易,为著者之乎。

年代:唐

作者:杜荀鹤

作品:苦吟

内容:

世间何事好,最好莫过诗。一句我自得,四方人已知。

生应无辍日,死是不吟时。始拟归山去,林泉道在兹。

年代:唐

作者:崔涂

作品:苦吟

内容:

朝吟复暮吟,只此望知音。举世轻孤立,何人念苦心。

他乡无旧识,落日羡归禽。况住寒江上,渔家似故林

说明:补充资料仅用于学习参考,请勿用于其它任何用途。