The main functions of the trothing custom of the Qiang and Tibetan nationalities are 1) in dealing with clashes between clans,tribes or countries;2) in military actions in coordination amid tribes;3)in reiterating or re-determining the subject-king relations;4) in decision making and dealing with interior affairs amongst the tribal confederate countries.

Ethnic Identity and Cultural Change of Achang Ethnic Group between Han and Dai in Southwestern Yunnan of China;