The author expounds Ma-Zu belief and Chinese traditional culture in the following: ancient ideal that amassing good makes moral integrity and gods will know aboutit; instinct of human nature that is afraid of the natures power and eager to combat again it and win it over; mental expectation that the life is short and variable and so people pray for happiness and good health.

As a form of political philosophy,the classical notion of civil society mainly reflects the realities of ancient Greece and Rome.

From " dependent" to " independent":the important change on idea of the elderly support of only child family;