Alteration includes visible alteration and invisibl■ alteration.

This thesis tries to put forward the theory of its two legal requirements through studying the relevant theories and analyzing the practices concerned and further discusses the issues of positive effect, negative effect, payment and damage liability and so on of commercial paper alteration.

The crime of forging or altering State negotiable securities refers to the crime of forging or altering a relatively large amount of treasury certificates or any other negotiable securities issued by the State committed by a person or a unit with the intention of circulating or using securities.

This paper makes a tentative study on the problems about the evolution,the concept,the constitution,the application and the punishment of the crime of forging or altering state negotiable securities.

Forgery and alternation in the crime comprise visible forgery,visible alternation,invisible forgery and invisible alternation.

Study on the thixo-forging of wrought magnesium alloy;

With an aim to solve the long-term existing problem of the cracks in flow-front during thixo-forging,a new theory of constant volume flux of slurry was put forward in optimizing die design.

Late Cenozoic structural deformation and its implication for petroleum accumulation in the southern Junggar thrust belt;

Features of the pre-Sinian structural deformation in North Jiangxi and its dynamic significance;

Effect of special plastic deposition body on structural deformation and trap forming in western of Kuche Depression.;