With the development of the merchant organization in Yunnan in early modern times, the guild hall, which took the region as the key link, and the trade association, which was professional, had been established.

With the economic development of Jing De Zhen , the Trade Associations were flourishing .

s: This research inquired into the correlation and characteristics between cognition, judgments of responsibility, affection, and helping behavior on the perceived controllability of learning behavior, in order to verify the applicability of the attribution theory concerning responsibility in Chinese college students.