This paper tries to discuss developmental background, educational objectives, educational model and curricula of 4-year technical education in a comparative perspective, with the expectation to master the basic principles of 4-year te.

On the basis of literature data and logical analysis,developmental background of leisure sport industry in well-off society has been analyzed in this paper.

This article begins with the facility brought by federated security authentication and basic requirement of federated security authentication,it then discusses the development background and development status in China and abroad.

Based on the analysis of development background and current situation of the reader service pattern in Vocational & Technical College Libraries,this paper put forward a new reader service pattern of Vocational & Technical College Libraries–" One Center,Five combinations".

The comprehensive assessment of regional forest resources takes the individual event assessment as it's bases and guidances, but the present of comprehensive assessment has its profound ideological background social background and scientific background.

The subject librarian system is the vitalistic measure which the library serves for the teaching and the scientific research in the university,but the " scientific background" is frequently neglected by the people.

The discipline backgrounds of Nobel Prize Winners were investigated, and the important role of multi-discipline training in the creative thinking was discussed.