In ancient China,under the background of the bureaucracy sponsored industry and when the commerce was strictly controlled by the Nation,the merchants association had evolved from system of separation of trading area and residential area,trading firm,commercial guide halls,and town guide.

The hong merchants debts which were exsiting before the Opium War was an outcome which the hong merchants and the foreign merchants created in intercourse of Chinese-west trade.

Empirical analysis on CRM system structure of China s commercial banking;

Research on Total Factor Productivity Mensuration of China s Commercial Banking;

A Research on Precaution Against the Commercial Banking System Risk of Our Country;