The Repeal of the Imperial Examinations System and the Rural Esquire Disappearance;

The disappearance of youthhood refers to a specific social and cultural phenomenon rather than a physiological problem.

Both direct detection method and evanescent wave detection method are used in the experiments by visible light(460～800 nm).

Left-handed material (LHM) is a new kind of artificial material, which has many special characters, such as negative refraction, amplification of evanescent wave, subwavelength resolution.

In order to improve the detection sensitivity and increase the response speed of the biosensor,based on the theory of planar waveguide,the zone energies of the evanescent fields in the single mode and multimode of the planar optical waveguide were compared under the same condition by using the principle of the evanescent field applied to the biosensing field.

The pumping threshold energy of the whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser strongly related to the spatial overlapping between the evanescent field of the pumping laser and the WGMs,and it also was influenced by the losses of the WGMs of low and high order.