1) knowledge
[英]['nɔlɪdʒ] [美]['nɑlɪdʒ]
明知
1.
About the crime of impairing credit card administration,the knowledge of offender which the credit card he possesses and transport is the "forging credit card "or"forging vacant credit card"is the knowledge about the object of act.
在妨害信用卡管理罪中,行为人明知其持有、运输的是"伪造的信用卡"或"伪造的空白信用卡"是一种对行为对象的明知,行为人虽然对"伪造的信用卡"和"伪造的空白信用卡"施加了影响,因为其不具有合法性,与刑法所保护的信用卡管理秩序也就不存在必然的本质与现象的联系,也就不能反映和体现信用卡管理秩序,因而是行为对象而不是犯罪对象。
2.
Presumption of knowledge is an important approach to identifying knowledge.
明知推定是认定明知的重要方法，中外立法和司法中都存在用推定方法来认定明知事实的现象。
3.
Usually,judicial presumption of "knowledge" is preconditioned by the fact that the actor is competent of having such knowledge rather than his having no competence.
对于明知,通常应在行为人具有这种认识的情况下,司法上去认定该明知是否存在,而不是在行为人缺乏认识时,司法上推定其存在明知。
2) fully aware
明知
1.
The 14th general principle of criminal law determines that the holder should be fully aware of the character of the currency.
货币犯罪的法益既包括国家的货币发行权,又包括货币的公共信用;货币犯罪中原则上,伪造既包括伪造也包括变造,伪造既包括有形伪造,也包括无形伪造;变造既包括有形变造,也包括无形变造;刑法总则第十四条关于犯罪故意的规定决定了货币犯罪行为人对“货币”的性质均应当明知;持有假币罪过重的法定刑设置违背了持有型犯罪的法理。
2.
Escaping investigating or trailing should be predicated on the criminal s fully aware about the investigating.
不受追诉期限的限制的"逃避侦察或者审判",应以当事人"明知"自己已经受到司法机关追究为前提。
3.
On analyzing the value of the rules, pursuing the meaning of the words analyzing the logic relationship of the expressions, this essay says emphatically that the evasion of investigation or trail should be predicated on the criminal s fully aware about the investigating,and put forward the subjective factors, the objective factors and the time factors of the evasion of investigation or trai.
本文在分析时效制度价值的基础上 ,通过探求语词的确切含义、分析法条的逻辑关系 ,着重论证了“逃避侦查或者审判”应以当事人“明知”为前提 ,并提出了构成“逃避侦查或者审判”须具备的时间条件、主观条件、客观条
3) clearly know
明知
1.
Combining with the judicial practice,the paper discusses three difficult problems on the subjective aspects of the crime: whether indirect intention can be a constituent of the crime,how to interpret "clearly know" and how to interpret "for selfish" and "for a favor".
据此应结合司法实践,对徇私枉法罪主观方面的三个疑难问题进行研讨:对本罪中“明知”的理解;对本罪中“徇私、徇情”的理解和把握;间接故意不能构成本罪。
4) knowing perfectly well
明知
1.
As far as the term "knowing perfectly well" is concerned,people in different countries interpret it in different ways.
尽管不同国家和地区的刑法理论对"明知"的范围和程度有不同理解,但都认为既包括事实明知又包括推定明知。
2.
Because the criminal s intent itself includes “knowing perfectly well”, so it won t cause the strict liability to delete “knowing perfectly well” in specific provisions.
我国刑法分则条文中的“明知”是注意规定 ,不是特殊规定 ;由于犯罪故意本身就包含了“明知” ,删除分则条文中的“明知”不会导致严格责任 ;由于控方承担证明责任是绝对的、无条件的 ,“明知”的证明责任仍在控方 ,但控方只需证明基本事实 ,即可推定被告方“明知”。
5) shading knowledge
明暗知识
6) proof of knowledge
知识证明
1.
An improved scheme is proposed to overcome the disadvantages,which ensure the voter to give out his correct private key by using two different bases and the same discrete logarithm proof of knowledge.
针对上述缺点设计一个改进的新方案,主要引入一个不同底相同离散对数的知识证明来保证投票者给出正确的私钥。
2.
Combining process of bidding and cryptography, an efficient and secure inviting public bidding and bidding protocol of construction engineering is proposed with signature based on proof of knowledge.
论文研究了密码学在工程招投标中的应用,把招投标流程与密码学知识相结合,基于知识证明签名给出一个安全有效的电子招投标方案。
3.
An efficient and secure English auction protocol is proposed with signature based on proof of knowledge.
论文研究了英式电子拍卖协议,基于知识证明签名给出一个安全有效的电子拍卖协议。
补充资料：明知
1.明智。知，通"智"。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条