In order to investigate the characteristics of forces acted on bed particles, it is necessary to measure these forces in two directions.

Results showed that with the increasing of granular bed thickness,the penetration of aerosol decreased exponentially while collection efficiency of single granule doesn't change.

The effects of microstructure and performance of dust on property of granular bed were investigated by dust-cleaning test.

One modification is that the baffle mixing is used instead of agitated mixing;the other modification is that the granular bed is applied to the dust collection from pyrolysis gas.

Evaporation in particle packed bed measured using microfocus X-CT dynamic imaging;

Porosity and permeability of the particle packed bed are both important properties for soil science, petroleum physical principle, civil and environment engineering, chemical industry and materials engineering.

The biofilm reactor stood first in stability towards substrate shock load, followed by anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the granular sludge bed.

Expermental studies of convective combustion in high-packedly energetic granular beds are carried out with ionization probes and piezoelectric transducers in a high pressure combustor,whose strength limit is above 1000 MPa.