The effects of automobile exhaust on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of 4 tree species,Acer mono Malus bacata Pyrus ussuriensis and Acer ginnala were tested by means of fumigation in open top chamber.

In this paper,the gradient (0,10,50,100,200 mg·kg~ -1) of soil Cd concentrations was established by mixing CdCl_2 with soil and sand,and the growth responses of four northern broadleaved tree species Acer ginnala Pyrus ussuriensis,Acer mono and Malus baccata to soil Cd contamination were studied by growing their seedlings in pots in greenhouse.

Influence of beam turning error of pentagonal prism on wave-front measurement;

Effect of processed angle error of pentagonal prism on frontwave measurement;

Influences on the deflection angle of the pentagonal prism due to dithering and fabrication angles error;