LL Panel Unit Root Test and Its Application;

Finite Sample Property and Application of the Unit Root Test M~(GLS) Statistics;

Unit Root Test Allowing for Structural Breaks:A Literature Review;

Taking currencies of 15 countries as objects,we apply both the panel unit root method (LLC test,IPS test,and etc.

In this paper,the ADF unit root test of the time series with EGARCH-SGED error has been discussed by Monte Carlo simulation,The results show:if the generating progress is AR(1)-EGARCH-SGED,the Fuller critical value of Zt statistic can be used,but it will be unvalid for the Zρ statistic,if one want to use the Zρ statistic,it must be adjusted.

We simulate the finite-sample ADF unit root test with data generated from GJR-GARCH-skewt error processing by Monte Carlo simulation,and discuss the volatility of disturbance,parameters in conditional distribution,sample length and lever effect.

In this paper,the critical values,power and size distortion on ADF unit root test of time series with autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity and skewed t conditional distribution on the error term has been analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation,which shows that we can′t use the Fuller critical values directly for serious volatility persistence cases.

Using the econometric methods such as ADF test of unit root,Granger test of causality,the authors in this paper develop the equilibrium relationship between income and expenditure in Gansu Province rural households in past 28 years.