Africa and Indian subcontinent) with 90° E as the divide, as well as the subplanetary land-sea distribution over southern Asia on the formation of the Indian monsoon system (IMS) and east Asian monsoon system (EAMS), the major conclusions being summarized as follow.

With the onset and withdrawal of the Indian summer monsoon,the wind and moisture fields generally show abruptly seasonal transitions,which can be taken as criteria to distinguish the summer monsoon from the winter monsoon.

The characteristics of the Indian monsoon:Evidences from the sedimentary records of Tengchong and Shangri-La over the past 60 ka

A diagnostic study is made to investigate the relationship between water vapor transport from Indian monsoon and that over East Asia in Northern summer.

The progressive analysis shows that the transfers in different stages of the Indian monsoon and the south China sea monsoon are also different, which is also the same as the varying of vapour transferring pe.

The Asian summer monsoon trough consists of two major components: the South China Sea(SCS) summer monsoon trough and the Indian summer monsoon trough.

The analysis of 43-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data and the station observations reveals the correlation between troposphere temperature variations and the weakening of the Indian summer monsoon circulation.

The interdecadal variation of Indian summer monsoon and the climate shift in North China are analyzed by using of NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data and the stations observations.