The paper analyses a wrong definition of budget restriction line under uncertianty.

Discrete network design problem with budget constraint;

In order to show that the decision-making characteristics of loss constraint models are different from the ones of budget constraint models, the solutions between those two .

Then,the mode of local government with independent e-conomic benefit is discussed,with hard budget constraint and inter-region competition added to highlight the ef-fect on the economic efficiency.

When lacking in relative information, enterprises are unable to enforce hard budget constraints and, under the soft budget constraints, the administrative personnel have faint motivation to set up and carry out regulations, which in turn results in some decision-makers resisting and even destroying the regulations with the desire of the rent seek of power.

In a sequential English auction,a seller with two objects faces a group of bidders who are subject to different budget constraints.

The maximum principle for fully coupled forward-backward stochastic control system with state constraints;

An algorithm to solve the optimization problem of the switched system with the state constraints by the method of impulsive control was proposed.

Based on single Kalman filtering equations and the distributed multi-sensor fusion algorithm without state constraints, and taking state equality constraints into consideration,a new fusion estimation algorithm for distributed multi-sensor with state equality constraints is proposed.