The ore-forming materials are mainly derived from the earth core constrained by deep processes and moved up to surface with multi-stages of mantle plume evolution and is contaminated with earth crust materials.

Mantle branch is the third-grade tectonic unit during multiple evolution of mantle plume.

Mantle branch structure is the third-order unit of mantle plume multistage evolution.

Progress in the research on noble gas isotope tracing of the mantle plume and its significance.;

Petrogenesis of the basalts of Woniusi Formation at Baoshan area, Yunnan: Is it of mantle plume origin?;