Extensive macrosynteny and microsynteny have been found not only within Brassica but also between Brassica and Arabidopsis thaiiana, which suggests the feasibility of transferring the information from Arabidopsis to Brassica.

The author gives a review of historical studies in the 20th century and concludes that evolutionism-five-morphological approach is the key link to update the study of the Chinese ethnohistory in the 20th century and macro-universality is its basic principle.

According to the macroscopic nonlinear system, the model can perfectly state the complex nonlinear relation of the input and output variables of the system.

Extensive macrosynteny and microsynteny have been found not only within Brassica but also between Brassica and Arabidopsis thaiiana, which suggests the feasibility of transferring the information from Arabidopsis to Brassica.

In terms of distributions of macroscopic traces on crystal surfaces, a method was proposed for accurately determining the orientation of crystals for all systems and calculating trace distributions of slip planes and twin planes in both matrix and twin on three surfaces, which are normal to each other, in a single crystal.