3) reasons for economic backwardness
经济落后原因
4) The reason for one's ruin;downfall.
衰败的原因;衰落
6) backward factors
落后因素
1.
Some backward factors restrict the implementation of new curriculum reform,for example,alienated educational goals in exam-oriented education system,authoritarian school culture management,conservative teachers\' culture,diversity of school cultural and so on.
学校文化中的落后因素制约新课程改革的实施与推进。
补充资料：表现落后大市
表现落后大市 Underperform
定义：
研究分析员建议的一种，指一种股票的表现略差于市场回报率。