Pointing error induced by atmospheric refraction and atmospheric chromatic dispersion for earth-to-satellite laser communication;

The consequence study of searching the higher order information of atmospheric refraction by the hidden layer units of BP neural network;

Effect of atmospheric refraction and chromatic dispersion on laser transmission;

The special impact of atmosphere refraction over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau on the terrestrial precision surveying is put forward for the first time.

It is demonstrated that astronomical refraction measured models varied with change in observing stations and observation directions already have characteristics of non-spherically symmetric distribution of the real atmosphere over the observing stations so that there is no need to find or build atmosph.

Several major obstacles resulting in no direct measurement of the astronomical refraction since a long time are analyzed in the view of astronomical observation,and necessary conditions now possessed to remove these obstacles are described.