Although electronic institution provides a promising way towards modeling the problem, there are some shortages when concerning the design and construction of such a system.

Based on analyzing information flows among roles,the paper puts forward an algorithm for searching potential illegal information flows in an electronic institution.

The controlled mechanisms can be divided into four classes,that is adjustable mechanisms?variable input speed mechanisms?electronic cam mechanisms?hybrid driven mechanisms.

The thesis,by analyzing the difference between certification authority and electronic signer or electronic signature,holds that the civil liability of certificatim authorities should be indentified as two different types of action: breach of contract and.

Certification Authority (also referred as“CA”) is the authority which makes the digital certification to identify the user of it from other entities.

In response to these challenges, the European Union released Directive 2000/46/EC on the taking up, pursuit of and prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions on 18 September of 2000, which has established a comprehensive regulatory framework for the prudential supervision of electronic money institutions.