An approach of the iterative learning control for linear continuous system with the initial error;

Study on the regularity of predictability limit of chaotic systems with different initial errors;

Then,the effect of initial errors for telemetric data and exterior data are minutely induced,and a linear separation model of initial launched parameter errors for wars.

By computing the quadratic phase (QP)function of the signal,it is shown that the QP function is concentrated along the frequency rate law of the signal So the peak of the QP function yields the estimates of the frequency rate,and the initial frequency is obtained by the dechirp technique.

By fractional dimension search,the Chirp rate,initial frequency,pulse width and time of arrive are estimated with relatively high accuracy at negative SNR.

Based on the remainder theorem and direct dechirp operation,an algorithm for estimation of chirp rate and initial frequency of the subsampling wideband LFM signal unambiguously is presented.

A method of measuring TD-SCDMA signal frequency error based on virtual instrument is proposed.

The paper discusses frequency error generated by random phase undulation and gives Max.

Small frequency error may exist in frequency sources between receiver and transmitter,because of the craft of devices when oven controlled crystal-oscillators of high stability are used in both transmitter and receiver.