Quality of the data delivery path, robustness of the overlay and control overhead are three important metric that about the"goodness"defined to evaluate the quality of the application layer multicast protocol.

Based on the analysis of the factors which affect the routing protocol design, the key technique issues of ad hoc routing protocols were summarized, including route loop-freedom, adaptation to dynamic topology, control overhead, energy efficiency, and combination with orientation technique, etc.

This paper mainly focuses on the characteristics and necessity of the internal accounting system,the approval system of the financial balance,materials purchasing system,sale control system.

Research on the Theory and the Application of Marketing Control;

Based on the in-depth interviews with marketing managers in 23 firms in China the paper argues that the marketing control modes are the key elements influencing marketing performances.