In order to explore self-consistently the fundamental properties of breathing round beams propagating in a uniform channel, the initial phase-space distribution of a beam injected into a linac is adopted to be a sufficiently realistic distribution such as Gaussian, waterbag and parabolic distribution Mult.

The finite phase type distribution (PH) was introduced to represent the deteriorating of equipment and the maintenance process, and by which the relations between the macro-state of maintenance system and the micro-state of equipment degradation and maintenance works were established.

Suppose that service times of customers and lifetime of server follow geometric distributions, the distributions of stationary queue length and waiting time are provided by using the matrix analytic method, and these distributions are proved to be discrete phase-type distributions.

Dynamics and spatial distribution pattern of population of tyrophagus putrescentiae;

Spatial distribution pattern of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura in greenhouse strawberry;

The spatial distribution pattern of eggs and larvae of Clostera anachoreta and their sampling technique.;

The spatial pattern and sampling technique of Lyonetia clerkella in peach orchard;

Study on the spatial patterns and sampling techniques of Ophrida spectabilis (Baly) larvae;

In this paper, Systematic studies on the spatial pattern and sampling technique of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff population during adults and egg stage were reported.