In this paper,a book-embedding scheme is constructively obtained for the RNA secondary structures in Rivas-Eddy class by using the secondary-structure graphic grammar and the vertex coloring of the cross-relation graph,and the book-embedding classification can be performed furthermore.

In this article,we have proposed the layered graph algorithm and vertex coloring algorithm for optimized traffic sequence,which use genetic algorithm to arrange the calculation order of the scheduled multicast traffic in optical networks and compared them with the algorithm that arranges traffics in temporal sequence.

In this paper,a new method of using the complement graph and clique covering to solvethe complex vertex coloring problem is introduced,which is much simpler than the commonadd-decrease edges and DFS algorithms.

Mind evolutionary computation is used in solving vertex coloring problem.

Based on the principle of graph theory, the paper transforms the matching/storing problem of railway dangerous goods into vertex coloring problem.

Based on current computer graphics hardware a technique is proposed for calculating irradiance environmental maps using vertex shader.

Facial behavior for ANPC is implemented by blending morph vertex shader(BMVS) technique in which the meshes of previously created animations,such as blinking,smile and visemes,can be blended to form new and unique animations on the fly and in real time.

Then it is substituted in Burnside formula,all vertex-coloring formulas of the regular polyhedron are determined.

Further,the speed of lake wave simulation is improved by the vertex shader and pixel shader(GPU-based programming).