After deriving residual noise from an image through wavelet filtering,a reference pattern of noise for a digital camera is extracted by averaging the residual noise from multiple images.

The reference pattern used in the system, which functions as a cluster center and makes the part classification more accurate, can be represented with a .

To define the part cluster reference patterns is the key in part classification system.

Based on analysis on the correlations of multi-view video, the concept of independent slice is introduced, and a multiview video coding method with adaptive selection of reference frame modes is proposed.

Based on J2EE standard and the workflow management coalition specification,this paper researches functional components,workflow enactment services,workflow engine,interfaces and information communication of the abstract workflow reference model,and puts forward a J2EE-based achievement framework driven by workflow engine.

The interface 3 is a part of workflow API in workflow reference model that is defined by workflow management coalition(WfMC).

At present, the most famous workflow standard organization in international, namely, Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC), brings up workflow reference model and its system structure.