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1)  calving [英][kɑ:v]  [美][kæv]
产犊
2)  Calving rate
产犊率
3)  calving interval
产犊间隔
1.
We analysed about 800 dairy cattle data of the calving interval, calving season, milk production, calving number, birth weight and sex of the calving.
 对江苏省徐州市某奶牛场约800头荷斯坦奶牛1998到1999年产犊间隔与产犊季节、产奶量、产犊胎次、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别等基础资料进行统计分析,结果表明:产犊季节对产犊间隔有极显著的影响(P<0。
2.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of non-genetic on 305-day milk yield,datas of Holstein production records which contained the information from 1996 to 2005 were collected form Xinjiang Hutubi Dairy farm in Xinjiang,the effects of year,season,calving interval and parity on Holstein 305-day milk yield were analyzed by least squares means with SAS 8.
1软件的最小二乘方差分析,分析了年度、季节、产犊间隔和胎次对荷斯坦牛305d产奶量的影响。
4)  calving season
产犊季节
1.
The cows were classified according to milk yield, calving season and endometritis.
应用通讯奶样放射免疫分析法测定奶中孕酮含量,确定了164头次奶牛产后卵巢活动恢复的时间,并根据年产奶量、产犊季节和有无子宫内膜炎等进行分类统计。
2.
Using about 13000 first lactation milk yield records of daughters of 47 AI bulls in Beijing, the method for estimation of 305-day milk yield from total milk yield,the effect of calving seasons on milk yield,and the heritability of 305-day milk yield were investigated.
同时分析了影响305 d 奶量的季节效应,根据305 d 奶量在各产犊月份的最小二乘均数和育种值估计及遗传参数估计的特点,建议将12个产犊月份划分为3个产犊季节。
3.
The objective of this study was to investigate the main factors of retention of the afterbirth of diary cow,datas of calving records form Xinjiang Hutubi dairy farm were collected and sorted out,the effects of calving season,parity,sex,and calf birth weight on retention of afterbirth of the diary cow were analyzed by SAS 8.
1统计软件分析了产犊季节、胎次、性别、犊牛初生重等对奶牛胎衣不下的影响。
5)  sex of calf
产犊性别
1.
Based on calving records(1984-1995)of Holstein-Friesian maintained at one of dairy cattle places in XiNing, used the method of statistieal analysis sex of calf of different breeding age ,parity and breeding month.
结果表明:配种年龄对奶牛产犊性别无显著影响(p>0。
6)  calf surviving rate
产活犊率
补充资料:《淮中晚泊犊头》

淮中晚泊犊头

苏舜钦

春阴垂野草青青,时有幽花一树明。

晚泊孤舟古祠下,满川风雨看潮生。

这首小诗题为“晚泊犊头”,内容却从日间行船写起,后两句才是停滞不前船过夜的情景。

诗人叙述中所见的景象说:春云布满天空,灰蒙蒙地笼罩着淮河两岸的原野,原野上草色青青,与空中阴云上下相映。这样阴暗的天气、单调的景色,是会叫远行的旅人感到乏味。幸而,岸边不时有一树野花闪现出来,红的,黄的,白的,在眼前豁然一亮,那鲜明的影像便印在你的心田。

阴云,青草,照眼的野花,自然都是白天的景色,但说是船行所见,何以见得呢?这就是“时有幽花一树明”那个“时”字的作用了。时有,就是时时有,不时地有。野花不是飞鸟,不是走兽,怎么能够一会儿一树,一会儿又一树,不时地来到眼前供人欣赏呢?这不就是所谓“移步换形”的现象,表明诗人在乘船看花吗?

天阴得沉,黑得快,又起了风,眼看就会下雨,要赶到前方的码头是不可能的了,诗人决定将船告岸,在一座古庙下抛锚过夜。果然不出所料,这一夜风大雨也大,呼呼的风挟着潇潇的雨,飘酒在河面上,有声有势;河里的水眼见在船底迅猛上上涨,上游的春潮正龙吟虎啸,奔涌而来。诗人呢?诗人早已系舟登岸,稳坐在古庙之中了。这样安安闲闲,静观外面风雨春潮的水上夜景,岂不是很快意的吗?

我们欣赏这首绝句,需要注意抒情主人公和景物之间动静关系的变化。日间船行水上,人在动态之中,岸边的野草幽花是静止的;夜里船泊牧犊头,人是静止的了,风雨潮水却是动荡不息的。这种动中观静,静中观动的艺术构思,使诗人与外界景物始终保持相当的距离,从而显示了一种悠闲、从容、超然物外的心境和风度。

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