In this paper, the theory about shear and clash in harrowing ballast is suggested and the formulae for determining the power of harrowing ballast are deducted.

This is a further perception of high-jump features,and also a supplement to the "cling" take-off technique mentioned in existing track and field teaching materials.

Laboratory experiment study on the ballast and ventilated railway embankment in permafrost regions;

Test and Study on Ballast Elasticity and Accumulated Deformation;

Effects of Ballast Thickness on Rail Track Structure;