The displacement mapping was used to reconstruct a constrained trajectory for the target character,where the characteristics of the original motion are well preserved.

A Method of Orbit Restrain Self-Calibration and Direct-Computing Orbit Elements for Orbit Determination;

The Kalman filtering method with track constraints is presented and Kalman filtering equations are derived.

The material removal mechanism into abrasive jet precision finishing machining with grinding wheel as restraint was investigated,based on the size ratio of characteristic particle size to film thickness between grinding wheel and workpiece.