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1)  the loss of waste products
废品期望损失
1.
In order to make the loss of waste products go up to minimization in mechanical working for the machine parts,the position of cutting tools in machine bed should be adjusted.
按照零件机械加工出现的废品期望损失最小 ,调整机床刀具位置 ,使加工零件尺寸分布既保证装配精度 ,又使加工成本最
2)  loss expectation
损失期望
1.
A rational method of optimum design of disaster resistant structures should have following characteristics: multi - stage optimization, consideration of both the cost and the loss expectation of the structure in the objective function, multi - failure criteria for the structure, practical to use and consistent with the National Design Codes.
讨论了抗灾结构优化设计应该具备的一些特点:抗灾优化的层次性;优化的目标必须既考虑结构的近期投资(造价)又考虑其长远效益(遇灾损失期望);抗灾结构的多级设防原则;最优设防水平的决策;优化方法必须与现行国家设计规范相接轨。
2.
The earthquake-resistant design of jacket platform based on optimal fortification intensity is dis- cussed with Platform BZ28-1 of Bohai Oil Field in China taken as an example,following the principle of three-level fortification and two-stage aseismic design of buildings and both cost and loss expectations taken in- to consideration.
介绍了基于最优设防烈度的抗震结构优化设计的理论和方法,并以渤海油田 BZ28-1储油平台为例,在目标函数中既考虑了结构的造价又考虑了损失期望,根据“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”三个水准的抗震设防原则,利用抗震规范的“二阶段”抗震设计方法,对其进行了结构优化设计,得到了考虑造价和损失期望、基于最优设防烈度的最优设计方案。
3.
In consideration of cost and whole life loss expectation of product, the whole life optimization design model with control parameter of dynamic reliability is proposed.
在同时考虑产品成本价值和全寿命期失效损失期望前提下 ,提出了以动态可靠度为控制参数的全寿命优化设计模型。
3)  expected loss
期望损失
1.
Through studying on the factors that influence parking capacity,the paper puts forward the model of parking capacity based on minimal expected loss and the method of solving the model in the center business district from the asp.
从分析影响停车供给的因素入手,从市场经济的角度提出基于期望损失最小的中心商业区停车供给模型及其求解方法,并阐述了该模型在停车场改扩建中的作用。
2.
the optimum value of α-level was obtainedunder the goal of the expected loss for each test.
以每次检验的期望损失为目标。
3.
Employing the concept of expected loss of risk and the loss function in the case study, conomic benefits of flood control, hydrological network as well as flood forecast are computed respectively.
根据调查资料和本文的方法建立了损失函数曲线,用风险期望损失的概念,计算了防洪、水文站网及洪水预报的经济效益。
4)  expected shortfall
期望损失
1.
A kind of coherent measure index,high degree expected shortfall,is used to measure risk.
股指期货交易保证金作为风险控制的手段,应使用满足一致性公理要求的风险测度方法对指数风险进行分析,但现有的方差、Var测度均不满足此要求,高阶期望损失风险测度满足一致性公理要求。
2.
The tools which have been used or proposed mainly are Standard Deviation、Absolute Deviation、Value at Risk(VaR)、Conditional Value at Risk(CVaR)、Worst Conditional Expectation(WCE)、Expected Shortfall(ES).
目前正在使用或已经提出的风险度量的工具主要有标准差、绝对偏差、风险值(Value at Risk,VaR)、条件风险值(Conditional Value at Risk,CVaR)、最坏条件期望(Worst Conditional Expectation,WCE)、期望损失(Expected Shortfall,ES)等。
3.
In order to construct a risk measure which is both coherentand easy to compute and to estimate,the Expected Shortfall (ES)was proposed and discussedby Acerbi et.
[7]提出了期望损失ES(Expected Shorfall)这种风险度量工具,并证明了它满足了一致风险度量,而且能够方便计算,因此,具有很好的研究价值。
5)  loss of waste products
废品损失
1.
The article elaborated that reason for the high product cost of the traditional industry enterprise is that the loss of waste products is very high.
本文主要阐述了传统工业企业产品成本居高不下的原因之一是废品损失太多,那么产生废品损失的主要原因在哪里,如何控制废品损失,提高经济效益是本文讨论的主题。
2.
In the accounting of loss of waste products in western countries, wastes can be disposed differently according to the different reasons of the wastes that come about, so this kind of method is more rational and we should learn from it.
目前我国在废品损失的核算中,将全部损失计入产品成本,这样不利于产品成本的计算与废品的控制。
6)  annual lost expectancy(ALE)
年损失期望
补充资料:废品损失(spoliageanddefectiveworklosses)
  由于生产原因造成废品而发生的一种损失。废品不论是在生产过程中发现或在入库之后发现,都应作为废品处理。

  废品按其不符合原定规格或技术标准的程度,可分为可修复废品可不可修复的废品。可修复废品,指废品经过修复可以使用,而且花费的修复费用在经济上是合算的;不可修复的废品指废品不能修复,或者所花费的修复费用在经济上是不合算的。废品损失,包括不可修复废品的成本减去废品可回收残值后的报废损失、以及可修复废品的修复费用。出售后发现的废品所发生的一切损失,包括退回废品时所支付的运杂费等,应作为管理费用处理,不包括在废品损失之内。

  可修复废品的损失一般与合格产品发生的费用一样,先根据材料费用、工资费用、辅助生产费用、制造费用等分配表借记“废品损失”科目,贷记有关科目。

  不可修复废品的成本计算方法,有两种:

  (1)按废品所耗实际费用计算法。将本期某种产品的各项生产费用在合格产品和废品之间进行分配,确定应由废品负担的各项生产费用,其计算公式如下:

  (2)按废品所耗定额费计算法,即根据各产品的废品数量及其各项生产费用定额计算出废品损失总额,再减去废品残值,即是该种产品的废品损失数额。
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