The pattern of the main influence of atmospheric refraction on systematic error in trigonometric leveling has been discussed.

It studied the impact of atmospheric refraction systematic error on EDM trigonometric leveling and discussed the related method of data processing for adjustment.

This paper gives a model of trigonometric leveling of atmospheric refraction and vertical deflection,then analyses every part of its accuracy and give a lists to analyses all kinds of effects caused by the errors of triangle leveling.

In order to weaken the influence of atmosphere refraction on elevation surveying in dam three-dimension automatic surveying system, on the basic of characteristic and relativity of atmosphere refraction in small scope of highland, the gray model of refraction coefficients and correction methods are studied.

A simultaneous subtending surveying method with high-low prism is put forward in this paper based on triangle elevation survey,error transmission law, statistics principles and atmosphere refraction calculating model.

This paper analyzes and appraises the feasibility and practicability of several methods of atmospheric refraction coefficient calculation.

This paper analyses several common methods of atmospheric refraction correction, and puts forward a new method: without meteorological parameter observation, utilizing the vertical angles and distances of double-prism in tsigonometric leveling, it works out atmospheric refraction coefficient by atmospheric refraction angle deviation directly.

The atmospheric refraction coefficient formula is derived using the principle of trigonometric leveling survey.

Research on atmospheric vertical refraction index in the Height determination of Qomolangma Feng;