The similarities and differences in the concept of burden of proof and its distribution rule between Chinese and western administrative litigations are discussed.

Automatic judgement of product configuration rules and automatic detection of product instances are achieved through the knowledge editor,knowledge compiler and knowledge executor by applying knowledge representation to the system development,and a feasible method of intelligent product configuration is provided.

An assisted design system was formulated by Case-Based Reasoning(CBR) and configuration rules after analyzing the configuration design knowledge and the method to implement t.

The efficiency and results of product configuration design are related to the configuration rules in the Product configuration based on Rule-Reasoning.

By the theoretical analysis and proof,a set of matching rules are summarized for depicting inherent relations among matching results of entities.

A matching rule was set up for the real gear tooth surface best-fitting the theoretical one, and four different algorithms were developed to calculate the deviations between the two surfaces.

This methodology uses NLP techniques and statistical algorithms to extract domain-spocific concepts from texts through semantic string segmentation, rules matching,analysis of domain consensus and relevance,and concept reduction.