In order to resist plundering of Japanse pirates , Ming government established coast defense system with the combination of sea defense and land defense in southeast coastal areas in early Ming dynasty ,which was unprecedented in history and laid good foundation for coast defense in both Ming and Qing dynasty.

In the eastern and central parts of North China Platform and Ordos Basin, the coal series in Taiyuan Formation are formed in a coal depositional environment of a transgressive system tract while those in Shanxi Formation is deposited mainly in a terrestrial delta coal-forming environment of a highstand system tract.

Depositional model for forced regressive systems tract of Manxi Block in Tarim Basin;