An autonomous navigation scheme is designed by using the star sensor and horizontal instrument to observe the elevation angle of star.

Using UD decomposing to modify EKF Particle filter was imported into the navigation scheme based on the measurement of elevation angle of star.

The paper analyzes the principles of startlight angle measurements and radar altitude measurements usually used in the satellites autonomous navigation in detail.

Azimuth/elevation direction finding using uniform circular array;

To answer a few commonly raised questions about the theory,based on basic concepts of optics,an easy access was proposed to the essentials of Chen s theory,such as its innovative "spinning plus elevation" rotations for tracking,its "row plus column" slave mirrors driving system for focusing as well as a few variants of different degrees of precision.

Based on the DTM(Digital Terrain Models) and combined with the feature of guided missile,this paper analyzes the impact of terrain undulating on the precision guided weapon from two aspects,including elevation parameter that faces to the slope of attack and relative position that the target is to the mountain s veil.