We propose models of the incoherent optical absorption and exciton transport to simulate the processes of absorption and exciton diffusion in organic photovoltaic devices according to the optical principle and diffusion theory.

Based on the cognitive model of spreading activation, comprehensive cross-reference should be set up in these dictionaries.

Based on the spreading activation theory with respect to psycholinguistics,some comments are made on the learning-enhancing dictionary s functions in word distinction,word origin,word formation,word associations and references,etc,which can effectively enlarge readers vocabulary.

English and Chinese premodifers in nominal constructions are organized mentally in a spreading activation process,in which the speaker responds to given stimuli and activates concepts realized by premodifiers and the head noun in a certain sequence.

Spreading-Activation theory is one of theories of cognitive semantics.

The current semantic memory models include hierarchical network theory,spreading activation network,the sensory/functional theory,conceptual structure account,do.