Objective: This study was designed to analyze the effects on the atrial electrophysiologic properries and the mecha-nism in treatment of atrial fibrillation with atrial pacing.

Right atrial appendage is the traditional site of atrial pacing,but with the development of physiological pacing,it was discovered that pacing this site repeatedly mought change the normal electrophysiology pathway, which led to biatrial electrical activity loss of synchronization and mought promote the atrial tachyarrhythmia frequency.

The clinical application of right atrial and biventricular pacing to treating congestive heart failure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy;

Assessment of Global Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in Dual-chamber Pacing by Quantitative Tissue Velocity Imaging;