To examine the changes of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in facial nucleus following the facial nerve injury and repair, we analyzed the changes of the number of ChAT positive neurons and the intensity of immunostaining in adult rat facial nucleus following peripheral nerve transection and immediate end to end anastomosis by immunohistochemical methods.

They are divided to TA surgical stapler,GIA surgical stapler,EEA surgical stapler.

[Objective]To study the effect of End-to-side neurorrhaphy for protection target muscle.

Objective To explore origin of regernerative nerve after end-to-side neurorrhaphy in rats.

Recovery of morphology and function affer end-to-side neurorrhaphy was observed to study the potentiality of lateraI sprouting.

The promotion of nerve regeneration in peripheral nerve by co-application of ATP and mecobalamine after terminolateral neurorrhaphy;

Functional evaluation of peripheral nerve end-to-side anastomosis in rats;

Objective To explore the expression of nerve growth factor in lateral sprouting after peripheral nerve end-to-side anastomosis and find the mechanism of lateral sprouting.

Although domestic and foreign scholars have studied histological changes of denervated facial muscles,but there weren\'t reports about ultrastructure observation of continuous denervation and reinnervation by end-to-side anastomosis.