OBJECTIVE The paper reviewed the effectiveness and reliability of skin paddles of free fibula flaps in the reconstruction of maxillofacial defects.

Objective To provide anatomical basis of island skin flap pedicled with neurovascular territories of the leg posterior view.

Methods Island skin flaps of scapular region have been elevated based on ascending or descending branches of circumflex scapular artery and transferred to resurface the axillary wounds.

Objective:To explore the method of repairing the finger tip defect with reversed island skin flap from the lateral skin of the finger.

Repairing the thumb soft tissue defect by the index finger dorsal island flap;

Application of Orbicularis oculi muscle island flap in facial palsy with lower eyelid ectropion;

Repair of the soft tissue defect of the fingertip with reverse island flaps with pedicel of dorsal digital artery;

The pressor effect induced by angiotensin Ⅱ in insular cortex conducts through habenula and hypothalamus;

Fibular Grafts With Monitoring-flap by Microvascular Anastomo sis;

Treatment of femoral neck fractures with fibular grafts with monitoring-flap;

Caput fibular grafts with monitoring-flap used to treat caput humeral big bone defect and reconstruct shoulder joint;

In urethane-anesthetized, tubocurarine-immobilized and artificially ventilated rats, glutamate (Glu) injection into the insular cortex (INS) and substance P injection into the lateral hypothalamus-perifornical region (LH/PF) or nucleus paraventricularis (NPV) caused pressor responses.

In urethane-anesthetized,in boon r ar in e--im mobilized an d a rtificially ye n tilated rats,microinjection of L--glutamate(Gin)ipto the insular cortex(INS)caused a rise in blood pressure and heart rate.