Atrial cells were divided into four groups: control group, rapid pacing group, verapamil with rapid pacing group and verapamil without rapid pacing group.

Objective: This study aims at observation the effects of provastatin on ionic channel of rapid pacing atria by pravas-tatin therapy for the canine which subjected to atrial rapid pacing.

AIM To study the changes of ultramicrostructure in atrial myocytes and the expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) after rapid pacing.

Influence of rapid atrial pacing on the expression of α1c subunit of L-type calcium channel and the protective effect of verapamil;

The potassium channel gene expression of myocardial sleeves of pulmonary vein in rabbits with rapid atrial pacing;

Effects of losartan on atrial electrical remodeling and L-type calcium channel in rabbits by rapid atrial pacing

Methods Twelve dogs were subjected to rapid ventricular pacing after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), to induce the cardiac output (CO) to reduce by 25% and 50% from the basal level.

Methods Twelve Meishan pigs received the rapid right ventricular pacing (230 beats/min) for 4 weeks.

In this study,intravenous(IV) infusion of ACh and atrial burst-pacing were performed on the dogs,then the dose of ACh was increased gradually according to the duration of AF until sustained AF(lasting≥3 min) could be induced.