The formula can be used to calculate the end point error of both complicated redox reactions and simple ones.

The article discussed the various end point errors of precipitation titrametry,and deduced the computation formula of different titration errors.

In order to reduce the endpoint error with indicator in acid-base titration,to improve the accuracy of experimental results,the effects of indicator,and the concentration of the substance which would be determined on endpoint error were studied with theoretical analysis and actual examples.

The problem of the endpoint error in complexometric titradon involves greatly the reliability of determination result or even the method of analysis.

Following the concept of titration errors in oxidation reduction reactions, the establishment and application of the endpoint error in the titration of such reactions in terms of the conditioned potential are discussed emphatically, and a method for increasing the accuracy of titration is described briefly.

The formula of final error in the oxidant reduction titration is deduced according to the principle that the inconsistency of titrating final and chemical calculating point leads to the final error.

This thesis is dealing with sediment titration equilibrium according to Ringbom's additional reaction theory,through which conditional equilibrium constant,sediment curve line equation and final error can be learned.

The supplementary study for the end error theory of ringbom

The accurate equation of end error calculation to complexometric titration has been derived.

Colour-shift point of indicator and titration error for complexation titration;