And thereby settlement for embrittlement was suggested as follows: activation with acidic salt instead of pickling for degreased products.

The usage of this term is confirmed to the greater user community and, over time, has encouraged a myriad of remedies for solving sulfation problem.

With slow pulse fast charge not only came true high efficient fast charge, but also held down gas evolution, cleared off sulfation and fulfilled the balanced charge, so it extended the cycle life of lead acid battery.

It was found that sulfation of the negative plate was caused mainly by the lose of the organic expander and the sulfation could be eliminated through the negative material formula and charge method adjustment.

Most part of nephrite deposits is connected with ultrabasics of a dunite harzburgite formation and Vitim nephrite deposit is connected with serpentinization from ultrabasics and carbonation.

The water-rock reaction includes water-replacement,carbonation,hydrogenation and alkali-replacement, etc.

Effect of pulse charge on sulphation of lead-acid battery;

Tear-down analysis indicates that for VRLA battery,water loss,negative plate sulphation and positive active material softening are the main causes of failure.

The relationship between the water loss and lots of break downs such as sulphation, positive grid corrossion, positive active mass softening and short circuit, has been discussed.