Force modulation technique showed that single chain polystyrene particles were softer than multichain polystyrene particles.

In this paper, the seismicity data are used to apace scanning in East China by using difference Se value of positive and negative earthquakes which reflects modulation effect.

Application for the method of stress modulation in Southeastern Coastal region;

Application of force modulation to the separation of crystalline domains and amorphous domains in polymers;

For the first time,with the help of the force modulation of atomic force microscope(AFM),images of the high and the low elastic phases in the random copolymer of vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene (P(VDF/TrFE)) were successfully obtained,and it was found difficult to distinguish the high and the low elastic phases only by the measurements of the morphology.