Based on the research of charging characteristic with multi-step constant charging method for electric bike valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery system, compared with the normal multi-step constant current charging method and rapid multi-step constant current charging method, results show that the difference is the charging current is raised on latter method.

With the operation of 5,000 t heavy-load trains and the speed raising of passenger trains, a large quantity of straight rails with alternative uneven side wearing appear in the heavy-load and fast-speed section of the Beijing-Shanghairailway line, which makes the smooth-going index of straight rails worsen and causes some locomotives vibrate violently during their operation .