The mathematical methods were used to make research into the living populations lifetime distribution,population lifetime distribution model and the intrinsic death invariant of the population were observed,and population lifetime mathematical expectation and variance were induced.

Electric conductivity method is one of the means which can be used to determine the ionization equilibrium constant of electrolyte solution.

We also measured receptor dissociation constant(Kd),the affinity or the ability that the receptor could bind ligand;maximum binding capacity(Bmax),the concentration of binding site;and Hill coefficient.

The thermodynamic and equilibrium constant criterion of the silver leaching with cyanide is deduced.

The thermodynamic criterion of the gold leaching with thiosulfate is deduced, and the equilibrium criterion of the leaching process is proposed, and the thermodynamic criterion and relative parameters of gold leaching with cyanide and thiosulfate are analyzed and compared.

The dependence of reaction heats and equilibrium constants of each reaction in the system on temperature were obtained.

In this paper,we report calculated intrinsic equilibrium constants for several surface complexation reactions,which are computed by using three frequently used surface complexation models and experimental data from Arsenic adsorption on amorphous aluminum oxides at different solution ionic strength and pH.

Thermodynamic equilibrium constants of chemical reactions, which involve gaseous phases, condensed phases and complex phases, are strictly deduced in terms of chemical potential.