The design of frozen wall in deep alluvium is a difficult problem of freezing shaft sinking, at present, few research have reported in detail on the characteristic of frozen wall with loopy freezing pipe, not to mention the characteristic of its temperature field, moisture field and frozen-heave force of it.

The conclusion is that the frozen-heave force is most lager between center tubes , then outer tubus and inner tubus.

The precondition of control fissure to be damaged and expanded was put forward,and the calculation formulation of frost force on control fissure under freezing condition was established.

Along with the development in west China ,the problem of the bad effect of frost force on lining structure in cold regional tunnels has increasingly stand out, cold regional tunnels construction has faced grim challenge .

In this paper, the formulae of Laplace transform with respect to time for frost forces of the liner frozen surrounding rock unfrozen surrounding rock system are derived from the elastic viscoelastic correspondence principle.

In the deep excavation, row-piles are imposed larger horizontal frost-heaving force, but the force value is intractable to ascertain exactly.

For tunnels in frozen zone, different countermeasures should be considered for the sake of being both safe and economical when different frost-heave forces are applied on the tunnel lining.

On the frost heave force of cold region soft rock tunnels and frost damage prevention and treatment;

A calculation of frost heave force on the tunnel in cold region was carried out and the frost heave force on the tunnel in cold region was analyzed from the aspect of lining thickness,a formula is presented for determining the lining thickness and the frost damage prevention measures are put forward.

Frost heave force which acts on the lining structure is induced by the fact that the water between lining structure and wall r.