1)  scouring and bleaching
精练漂白
1.
The problems happening in scouring and bleaching were also analyzed to find out the causes and countermeasures.
介绍了精练漂白剂GP 的性能和工作原理,探讨了它在大豆纤维/棉针织物精练漂白中的用量,精练温度和时间,确定了精练漂白剂GP 的用量为1~3 g/L,温度为95 ℃,时间为40~60 m in,用该方法精练漂白的大豆纤维/棉针织物毛效好、白度好、失重少,染色均匀。
2)  scouring bleaching agent GP
精练漂白剂GP
1.
The properties and working mechanism of the scouring bleaching agent GP was presented and its use amount in scouring/bleaching of soybean protein fiber/linen blended fabric and scouring temperature and time were probed.
介绍了精练漂白剂GP的性能和工作原理,探讨其对大豆蛋白复合纤维/麻混纺织物精练漂白的效果影响。
3)  scouring
精练
1.
Neutral scouring with KDN-T02 compound pectinase;
复合果胶酶KDN-T02中性精练工艺
2.
Application of bio-enzymes in scouring of cotton fabrics;
生物酶在棉织物精练加工中的应用
4)  degumming
精练
1.
The writers expound the variety of enzyme, their characteristics and acting mechanism with focus on enzymatic degumming process of silk.
阐述了酶的种类及特性和作用机理,重点探讨了蚕丝的酶精练工艺。
2.
In order to recycle sericin efficiently from degumming water in silk mill,according to the characteristic of the degumming water and the properties of sericin protein,we researched the possibility of recycling sericin by freezemethod,determined the technical process of freezemethod,and found out its better technical parameters.
为能高效的回收丝胶以降低丝绸厂精练废水的污染和提高工厂效益,根据精练废水的特点和丝胶蛋白质的性质,对采用冰冻法回收丝胶的可行性进行了实验研究,并对有关工艺参数进行了优化。
3.
It is well-known that sericin is the main pollutant in degumming water of silk mill which is high and thick organic waste water.
众所周知,丝绸厂精练废水中含有大量的丝胶,属于高浓度有机废水。
5)  refining
精练
1.
Study on the Refining of Waste Silk Bisu Material with Ultrasonic and Conventional Method;
绢纺滞头类原料化学及超声波精练工艺探索
2.
It ispointed out that refining is a key process to eliminate the difference ofcolour, and some measures are put forword.
这些沉淀物主要是在纺丝成形过程中产生的无机和有机物,指出精练是影响色泽不匀的关键工序,并提出了解决色泽不匀现象的几点措施。
3.
Through comparing the ultrasonic refining effect with the traditional method for refining the waste silk frison material and studying on the feasibility of ultrasonic and the effect on the physicochemical property of the fiber,the reliable foundation was established that existing technique can be replaced by the ultrasonic method in the refining processes.
通过对超声波在绢纺长吐类原料中精练效果与传统工艺的比较,以及对超声波精练方法的可行性及超声波精练方法加工对纤维机械物理性能影响的研究,得到利用超声波精练代替现有加工工艺的可靠依据。
6)  scouring enzyme
精练酶
1.
To probe into the effective methods to make the natural bamboo fiber finer with enzymatic treatment,the manufactured natural bamboo fibers were treated with laccase,scouring enzyme,and scouring enzyme +laccase(a two step method) respectively according to the design by means of orthogonal experiment.
为了探讨竹原纤维酶处理纤细化的有效方法,应用漆酶、精练酶及精练酶+漆酶二步法经正交设计对已制得的竹原纤维进行纤细化处理试验,测定酶处理后竹原纤维的细度变化率、木质素含量及强度。
2.
Pretreatment of cotton fabric with scouring enzymeT115I in one bath was discussed.
探讨了精练酶T115 I用于纯棉织物练漂一浴法前处理的工艺条件。
3.
The pre-treatment of double flash singeing and scouring by cold pad-piling with multi-functional scouring enzyme DMA, instead of traditional caustic soda and auxiliaries, was used according to the features of the elastic fabrics from ramie, cotton and spandex fibers.
根据苎麻棉氨纶弹性织物的特性,前处理采用2次快速烧毛,浸轧多功能精练酶DMA进行冷堆精练,代替传统的烧碱及一些助剂,既简化工艺、节约能源,减少对织物强力、弹力的损伤,减少污染,又使织物具有很好的白度及光泽,属清洁生产工艺。
参考词条
补充资料:精练
      用化学和物理方法去除棉、毛、麻、蚕丝织物中天然杂质、沾污物以及残存浆料的工艺过程。化学纤维织物的精练主要是去除纺织过程中的浆料和油污物。蚕丝织物的精练称为脱胶。棉、麻纺织物的精练俗称煮练。羊毛纺织物通过洗毛、洗呢去除杂质。
  
  棉纺织物精练  主要是去除果胶质、含氮物质、油脂、棉蜡、棉籽壳等纤维素共生物,使纤维具有良好的吸水性和取得一定白度,以改善纺织物的染整性能。对纱线或织物均可进行精练。精练用剂早期使用的是含有碳酸钾(钠)的草木灰,以后改用石灰、碳酸钠(纯碱),现在常用的是氢氧化钠(烧碱),另加洗涤剂、硅酸钠(水玻璃)、亚硫酸氢钠和软水剂等助剂。棉纤维在较长时间的热碱溶液作用下,纤维上的油脂和游离脂肪酸会皂化成可溶性脂肪酸盐,将蜡质乳化,用水洗除。氢氧化钠能使含氮物质和果胶分别水解为可溶性的氨基酸盐和半乳糖醛酸等化合物,也可使多糖类物质水解,还能使棉籽壳溶胀体解。经过精练后棉纤维的失重一般在5~7%。棉纺织物精练的氢氧化钠用量,通常相当于织物重量的2.5~4%。精练方法有高压煮布锅精练、连续汽蒸常压精练和高温高压平幅连续汽蒸精练等(图1 、图2、图3)。
  
  
  麻纺织物精练  亚麻的天然杂质在沤麻、脱胶过程中虽已大部分去除,但仍保留着一定量的非纤维素杂质,以避免?宋缮⒑褪е毓蟆Q锹橄宋弦资螅饭ひ展探匣汉汀>芳量捎锰妓崮疲锏拇硎奔湟话阍?6小时以上。苎麻织物精练与棉相似。
  
  粘胶纤维织物精练  粘胶纤维织物不含天然杂质,精练目的是去除纺织过程中的浆料、润滑剂、着色剂以及尘土等外加杂质,可用碳酸钠或磷酸三钠再加洗涤剂,在80~90℃下进行处理。
  
  合成纤维织物精练  合成纤维不含天然杂质,精练工艺条件缓和。锦纶织物可用碱剂和洗涤剂处理,洗涤剂应采用非离子表面活性剂。已定形织物,处理温度可在95~100℃;未定形织物宜在70~80℃,以免织物变形。腈纶织物遇热碱会泛黄,通常用非离子型洗涤剂处理。涤纶织物可用弱碱性溶液处理,温度不宜过高,时间也不宜过长。
  
  蛋白质纤维纺织物精练  蚕丝纺织物是在碱性溶液中松式挂练,去除丝胶和杂质,取得一定的自然白度(见脱胶)。羊毛纺织物的精练,通过洗毛、洗呢工艺进行。
  

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