Meanwhile, it chiefly introduces their basic principles, including liquid membrane extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and their applications in the treatment of wastewater containing phenol in China, and their merit and demerit respectively.

Some new extraction technology such as supercritical fluid extraction, solid-phase microextraction, microwave extraction, aqueous two-phase partitioning extraction and liquid membrane extraction are simply introduced.

A nonpoisonous carrier, tributyl phosphate(TBP) dissolved in kerosene was used in the supported liquid membrane extraction system.

The liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrum(GC-MS)were applied to evaluate the contribution of the volatile organic acids to the aroma of Cabernet Gernischt wine.

A method for rapid determination of β-phenylethanol in fermentation broth was developed using combination detection of liquid-liquid microextraction(LLM)and gas chromatography, by which the effects of different yeast strains and different raw materials on β-phenylethanol production were studied.

Using methyl tert-butyl ether as extractant,the concentration of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate(DEHP) in water was rapidly determined by liquid-liquid micro-extraction and gas chromatography with hydrogen flame ionization detector(FID).

A rapid method for the determination of trace phenolic compounds including 2-methylphenol,2-nitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol in water samples by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction(LLLME) coupled with HPLC was developed.

High performance liquid chromatography coupled with liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction was developed for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil and vardenafil in human plasma.