Studies on Resistance of Grain Aphid (Sitobion Avenae) to Neonicotinoid Insecticides;

In this article the advances in research on the QSAR and mechanism of nicotine and nicotine analogues and neonicotinoid insecticides were reviewed.

Present paper elucidates the following aspects; evolution of chemical classes of insecticides that act on insect nAChRs, structure and function of nAChRs, structure - activity of nicotine analogs, the structure modified and selectivity of neonicotinoid insecticides, and the pharmacophore of neonicotinoids.

As the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) excitant, there is a selectivity that the neonicotinoid insecticide acts on the nervous system nAChR of the insect, not only it has rather high-affinity on nAChR, but also it has the appropriate physical-chemical property, such as non ionization, medium water solubility and so on.

Progress of commercial neonicotinoid insecticide such as imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,clothianidin and acetamiprid,in seed treatment including product registered,crops protected and targets,and control effect were reviewed in this paper.

In order to explove novel Neonicotinoid insecticide, six 2-(nitroimino)imidazolidine derivatives were designed and synthesized through α-cyanoisocyanate, and one 2-nitroguanidine containing α-isopropyl-4-chlorophenyl group was synthesized from thiourea.